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Basic · Project #06

📏 Ultrasonic Distance Meter

Build a handheld device that measures how far away an object is using the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor.

📋 Overview

The HC-SR04 sends a 40kHz ultrasonic pulse and measures the time it takes to bounce back. Since we know the speed of sound (~343 m/s), we can calculate distance with simple math.

What you'll learn: pulseIn(), TRIG/ECHO sensor protocol, microseconds→cm conversion, and Serial Monitor output.

Estimated time: 30–40 minutes. Difficulty: ⭐ Beginner-friendly.

🧩 Components Needed

ComponentSpecificationQtyNotes
Arduino Uno R35V1
HC-SR042–400cm, ±3mm1Ultrasonic sensor
Breadboard + WiresHalf-size1
USB CableType A to B1

📖 Step-by-Step Tutorial

1

Connect the HC-SR04

VCC → Arduino 5V, GND → GND, TRIG → pin 9, ECHO → pin 10.
2

Upload the Code

Paste code and upload. The sensor will start measuring immediately.
3

Open Serial Monitor

Set baud to 9600. Point the sensor at objects — distance in cm will update in real-time.
4

Add an LED Alert

Optionally add an LED on pin 13 that lights up when an object is closer than 10cm.
💡
The sensor has a blind spot under ~2cm. Very close objects may give incorrect readings. Aim the sensor straight at a flat, hard surface for best results.

💻 Arduino Code

distance_meter.ino
// Ultrasonic Distance Meter — Volt X
const int TRIG = 9, ECHO = 10;

void setup() {
  pinMode(TRIG, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(ECHO, INPUT);
  Serial.begin(9600);
}

long getDistance() {
  digitalWrite(TRIG, LOW);
  delayMicroseconds(2);
  digitalWrite(TRIG, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(10);
  digitalWrite(TRIG, LOW);

  long duration = pulseIn(ECHO, HIGH);
  return duration * 0.034 / 2; // Convert to cm
}

void loop() {
  long dist = getDistance();
  Serial.print("Distance: ");
  Serial.print(dist);
  Serial.println(" cm");
  delay(300);
}

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