Basic · Project #04

🎵 Buzzer Piano Keyboard

Turn 7 push buttons into a playable piano. Map frequencies to musical notes on your breadboard.

📋 Overview

Sound is just vibration at a specific frequency. The Arduino's tone() function can drive a piezo buzzer at any frequency, making it a perfect musical instrument controller.

What you'll learn: tone() and noTone() functions, frequency-to-note mapping, button arrays, and for-loop scanning.

Estimated time: 40–50 minutes. Difficulty: ⭐⭐ Easy.

🧩 Components Needed

Component	Specification	Qty	Notes
Arduino Uno R3	5V	1
Piezo Buzzer	Active/Passive 5V	1	Passive buzzer recommended
Push Buttons	Momentary SPST	7	One per note (C-D-E-F-G-A-B)
Resistors	10kΩ pull-down	7	One per button
Breadboard + Wires	Full-size	1

📖 Step-by-Step Tutorial

Place the Buttons

Insert 7 buttons in a row on the breadboard, spanning the center gap.

Wire Pull-Down Resistors

Connect 10kΩ from each button output to GND.

Connect Buttons to Arduino

Button 1 → Pin 2, Button 2 → Pin 3 ... Button 7 → Pin 8.

Wire the Buzzer

Connect buzzer positive to pin 9, negative to GND.

Play!

Upload and press buttons. Each plays a musical note — try playing "Twinkle Twinkle Little Star"!

💡

Use a passive buzzer (not active) — active buzzers have built-in oscillators and always play the same pitch regardless of frequency.

💻 Arduino Code

buzzer_piano.ino

// Buzzer Piano — Volt X
const int buzzer = 9;
const int buttons[] = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8};
const int notes[] = {262, 294, 330, 349, 392, 440, 494}; // C D E F G A B

void setup() {
  for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
    pinMode(buttons[i], INPUT);
  }
  pinMode(buzzer, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
  bool anyPressed = false;
  for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
    if (digitalRead(buttons[i]) == HIGH) {
      tone(buzzer, notes[i]);
      anyPressed = true;
      break;
    }
  }
  if (!anyPressed) noTone(buzzer);
}

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